ITR Filing — AOP / BOI

An Association of Persons (AOP) under Section 2(31) is a group of persons (including companies, LLPs, trusts, or individuals) who join for a common purpose — unlike a partnership which requires only individuals under the Partnership Act 1932. An AOP has no mandatory registration and can be created by agreement or operation of law. It files ITR-5.

Section 167B mandates tax at the maximum marginal rate (30% + surcharge + cess) if: (a) shares of members in income or loss are indeterminate or unknown; or (b) any member's individual tax rate exceeds the MMR. If shares are determinate and no member is at MMR, the AOP is taxed at slab rates — which can be favourable for small AOPs.

An RWA is typically assessed as an AOP and benefits from the mutuality principle — contributions from members for services rendered to the same members are not taxable income. However, income from external sources (renting common areas to non-members, interest on FDs even from member deposits) is taxable. The mutuality exemption does not apply to interest income — a common RWA audit issue.

Under Section 86, if the AOP is taxed at MMR, the member's share of AOP income is exempt in the member's hands. If the AOP is taxed below MMR, the member includes their share in total income but gets a credit for tax already paid by the AOP on that share, avoiding double taxation.

Yes — an AOP is a "person" under Section 2(31) with all TDS obligations (Section 194A for interest, 194C for contractors, 194J for professionals). It must obtain a TAN, deduct TDS at applicable rates, deposit via Challan 281, and file quarterly returns (Form 26Q). RWAs making payments to maintenance contractors above ₹30,000 per contract must deduct under Section 194C.